mild hybrid

A mild hybrid (MHEV, for mild hybrid electric vehicle) is a type of hybrid vehicle that uses a small electric motor and battery to assist an internal combustion engine (ICE). For this reason, they are sometimes referred to as power-assist hybrids. Unlike a traditional full hybrid, the electric motor in an MHEV cannot power the vehicle independently. Instead, it provides supplementary power during acceleration and other periods of high engine load, thereby improving fuel economy. The system typically incorporates regenerative braking, which recovers energy during deceleration and reduces wear on the vehicle’s brakes. The motor is usually configured as an integrated starter generator (ISG), replacing a traditional starter motor, and positioned between the engine and the transmission.
MHEVs can also stop the engine when the vehicle is coasting, braking, or idling, and restart it when power is needed. This function is similar to a start–stop system, but the ISG generally allows for smoother restarts and enables vehicle electrical systems such as climate control to continue full operation while the engine is off. The batteries used in modern mild hybrid systems are typically 48-volt lithium-ion packs, and for this reason they are sometimes referred to as a 48-volt system. Mild hybrid systems are generally less expensive, smaller, and lighter than full hybrid systems, making them easier to integrate without significantly affecting passenger or cargo space. Their fuel-saving benefits are most pronounced in urban, stop-and-go driving conditions.
Some journalists have questioned whether MHEVs should be classified as hybrids or described with the term "electric vehicle," since they cannot operate solely on electric power. Others argue that the emissions reductions provided are minimal, and that the technology may be marketed in a way that amounts to greenwashing.

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