Preregistration is the practice of registering the hypotheses, methods, or analyses of a scientific study before it is conducted. Clinical trial registration is similar, although it may not require the registration of a study's analysis protocol. Finally, registered reports include the peer review and in principle acceptance of a study protocol prior to data collection.
Preregistration can have a number of different goals, including (a) facilitating and documenting research plans, (b) identifying and reducing questionable research practices and researcher biases, (c) distinguishing between confirmatory and exploratory analyses, (d) transparently evaluating the severity of hypothesis tests, and, in the case of Registered Reports, (e) facilitating results-blind peer review, and (f) reducing publication bias.
A number of research practices such as p-hacking, publication bias, data dredging, inappropriate forms of post hoc analysis, and HARKing may increase the probability of incorrect claims. Although the idea of preregistration is old, the practice of preregistering studies has gained prominence to mitigate to some of the issues that are thought to underlie the replication crisis.
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