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Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) refers to forms of transport made available for use by the general public. Public transport systems typically operate on fixed routes and schedules and charge a standardized fare intended to cover operating costs, often supplemented by public funding where required.
There is no universally fixed definition of which modes are included. While systems such as buses and railways are commonly cited, air travel is often excluded from general discussions of public transport due to its market-driven structure and competitive pricing. Common examples include city buses, trolleybuses, trams (or light rail), rapid transit systems, passenger trains, and ferries. Intercity public transport is primarily provided by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail, with High-speed rail networks under development in several regions.
Most public transport services operate along fixed corridors with designated boarding points and published timetables, allowing for predictable operations and efficient use of infrastructure. High-frequency services often prioritize regular headways over exact departure times. However, many trips involve multimodal travel, such as walking or feeder bus services to access rail stations, highlighting the importance of network coordination and cost-effective planning.
In some regions, share taxis and other demand-responsive services provide flexible alternatives to fixed-route transit, either competing with or complementing traditional systems. Paratransit services are typically reserved for low-demand areas or passengers requiring door-to-door transportation, often at higher per-trip costs.
Public transport systems vary significantly by region due to historical, geographic, and economic factors. In Japan, many urban transit networks are operated by profit-oriented private companies, often integrated with real estate development, a model frequently cited for its financial sustainability and operational efficiency.
In North America, mass transit is most commonly operated by municipal or regional transit authorities, typically funded through a combination of fares, local taxes, and government subsidies. In Europe, both state-owned enterprises and private operators participate in transit provision, often under competitive contracting arrangements.
For geographic and economic reasons, levels of public transport use and investment differ widely across countries. The International Association of Public Transport (UITP) serves as a global network for transit operators, policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders, with more than 1,900 members across over 100 countries.
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There is no universally fixed definition of which modes are included. While systems such as buses and railways are commonly cited, air travel is often excluded from general discussions of public transport due to its market-driven structure and competitive pricing. Common examples include city buses, trolleybuses, trams (or light rail), rapid transit systems, passenger trains, and ferries. Intercity public transport is primarily provided by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail, with High-speed rail networks under development in several regions.
Most public transport services operate along fixed corridors with designated boarding points and published timetables, allowing for predictable operations and efficient use of infrastructure. High-frequency services often prioritize regular headways over exact departure times. However, many trips involve multimodal travel, such as walking or feeder bus services to access rail stations, highlighting the importance of network coordination and cost-effective planning.
In some regions, share taxis and other demand-responsive services provide flexible alternatives to fixed-route transit, either competing with or complementing traditional systems. Paratransit services are typically reserved for low-demand areas or passengers requiring door-to-door transportation, often at higher per-trip costs.
Public transport systems vary significantly by region due to historical, geographic, and economic factors. In Japan, many urban transit networks are operated by profit-oriented private companies, often integrated with real estate development, a model frequently cited for its financial sustainability and operational efficiency.
In North America, mass transit is most commonly operated by municipal or regional transit authorities, typically funded through a combination of fares, local taxes, and government subsidies. In Europe, both state-owned enterprises and private operators participate in transit provision, often under competitive contracting arrangements.
For geographic and economic reasons, levels of public transport use and investment differ widely across countries. The International Association of Public Transport (UITP) serves as a global network for transit operators, policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders, with more than 1,900 members across over 100 countries.
View More On Wikipedia.org